UTI/Haematuria
UTI / Haematuria (blood in urine)
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common, especially in women with at least 50% of them having a UTI in their lifetime. These can be recurrent causing disruptive urinary symptoms. UTIs in men are less common but more often relate to underlying conditions such as an enlarged prostate.
Blood in the urine can result from conditions such as infection and stones, but can also be the first sign of cancer. Invisible blood found on testing the urine is less likely to be due to cancerous changes than blood that is visible.
Symptoms
Most bladder infections cause cystitis symptoms with burning, stinging and frequent requirement to pass urine. Infections of the kidney may cause pain in the loin and are more likely to cause a temperature and other symptoms such as nausea.
Blood in the urine may be present alone or with other symptoms.

Investigations
These might include urine tests in the clinic, lab tests of urine and blood, and imaging. A bladder endoscopy (flexible cystoscopy) is often needed and an assessment of the prostate may be required for men.

Treatments
Proven urine infections usually require antibiotics. The treatment of recurrent infections is usually tackled on a number of fronts depending on the background history and investigation results. These include lifestyle advice, over the counter medications, occasional antibiotics, bladder installations and immunisations.
Blood in the urine may require no treatment. If a tumour of the kidney, bladder or prostate has been discovered then these are described under the relevant title.

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